Which term refers to a legal doctrine that prevents claims due to a delay in assertion?

The term that refers to a legal doctrine preventing claims due to a delay in assertion is "laches." Laches applies in situations where a party has unreasonably delayed in asserting a right or claim, and that delay has negatively affected the opposing party, potentially leading to unfairness or loss of evidence. This doctrine is rooted in the principle that equity aids the vigilant, not those who procrastinate.

When someone fails to take timely action, it can compromise the position of others who may be involved in the matter. Laches serves to protect defendants from being surprised by stale claims and helps to ensure that legal proceedings are conducted in an orderly and timely fashion.

In contrast, lis pendens refers to a notice that a legal action has been filed regarding a property, while constructive notice pertains to the idea that certain facts are legally presumed to be known by all parties, regardless of whether they actually know them. Appurtenances relate to rights or privileges associated with property but do not involve claims due to delays.